动词不定式和动名词的句法功能比较
一、作主语
⒈不定式作主语
动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种：
(1)把不定式置于句首。如：
To get there by bike will take us half an hour.
(2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如：
①It＋be＋名词＋to do
It's our duty to take good care of the old.
②It takes sb+some time+to do
How long did it take you to finish the work?
③It＋be＋形容词＋for sb＋to do
It is difficult for us to finish writing the compositionin a quarter of an hour.
④It＋be＋形容词＋of sb＋to do
It is stupid of you to write down everything the teachersays.
⑤It seems(appears)＋形容词＋to do
It seemed impossible to save money.
在句型③中，常用表示客观情况的形容词，如：difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary 等；在句型④中，常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise等 表示赞扬或批评的词。在不定式前的sb，可看作其逻辑主语。这一句式有时相当于Sb is＋形容词＋to do句式 ，如：It'skind of you to help me with my English.=You are kind to helpme with my English.
⒉动名词作主语
Learning without practice is no good.
动名词作主语时，也常用It句式。如：
①It's +no good(no use,fun,a pleasure,a waste of time)+doing…
It's no good reading in dim light.
It's no use sitting here waiting.
②It's＋形容词＋doing
It's dangerous swimming in the sea in windy days.
这样用的形容词有expensive,nice,tiring等，但important,necessary则不适用于这种结构，应用不定式 代替，如：It'simportant for you to keep fit.
③There is no+doing
There is no saying what will happen next.
在这一结构中，动名词后常带宾语，相当于"It's impossible to…"结构。
⒊动词不定式和动名词作主语的区别
①不定式作主语经常表示具体动作，常与特定的动作执行者联系在一起；而动名词作主语经常表示抽象动 作，经常不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起。如：
It's no good eating too much fat.
It's no good for you to eat so much fat.
②动名词结构作主语，可以用名词或代词属格形式作逻辑主语。如：
It's no use your pretending that you didn't know the rules.
二、作宾语
⒈不定式作宾语
①以下动词后，只能跟不定式作宾语。如：agree,ask,aim,arrange,choose,decide,demand,expect,fail ,help,hope,lean,long,
manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,wish等，这些词大部分可接th at引导的从句。如：
I decided to ask for my money back.
I decided that I would ask for my money back.
When our visit to the farm was over,we expected to startback on foot.
When our visit to the farm was over, we expected that wewould start back on foot.
②当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时，先用形式宾语it代替不定式，把不定式置于补语之后，即：主语＋动 词＋it＋补语＋to do句式。如：
We think it quite important for us to learn a foreignlanguage well.
He feels it his duty to help the poor.
③介词but,except,besides+to do(do)
在这种句型中，如介词前有动词do，后面应接不带to的不定式；如无do，则接to不定式，即带do不带to， 带to不带do。如：
The enemy soldiers had no choice but to give in.
On Sunday afternoon I had nothing to do but watch TV.
⒉动名词作宾语
①以下动词后，只能接动名词作宾语，如：admit,appreciate,consider,delay,enjoy,finish,keep,imag ine,mind,miss,practise,resist,risk,save,suggest,don't mind,give up,insist,on, put off等。如：
I suggest spending our summer vacation in a seaside town.
You must give up smoking, for it does too much harm toyour health.
②动名词作介词的宾语
I should go to attend the birthday celebration instead of staying at home.
What about inviting Li Jun to make a speech?
动名词前的介词有时可以省略，如：have difficulty(in)doing,have no trouble(in)doing,lose no ti me(in)doing,prevent/stop…(from)doing,there is no use(in)doing等。
⒊部分动词后面，既可接动词不定式，也可接动名词作宾语，意义不变。如：begin,continue,start,hat e,like,love,need,require,want等。
在need,require,want后接-ing形式，表示被动意义，也可接不定式，但要用被动形式，如：Your handwr iting needs improving(tobe improved). hate,love,like接不定式表示特定的未来事件，接动名词表示目前 正在进行的活动或一般的行为。
在下列情况下，一般要用不定式：
①hate,like,love前有would(should)时，如：I'd like to have a cup of coffee.
②当谓语动词begin,continue,start等是进行式时，如：Thestudents are starting to work on the di fficult maths problem.
③begin,continue,start与know,understand等状态动词连用时，如：I soon began to understand what
was happening.
⒋advise,allow,encourage,forbid,permit等动词后接动名词作宾语，或带不定式作宾语补足语。如：
Our teachers don't permit our swimming in the lake.
Our teachers don't permit us to swim in the lake.
⒌部分动词后接不定式或动名词时，意义差别较大，应根据句子语境选择使用。
①forget,remember,regret后接不定式，表示现在或未来的动作，接动名词表示动作已经发生。如：
Don't forget fo post the letter for me.
Have you forgotten meeting her in Beijing Airport?
Remember to close the windows before you leave.
I remember writing him a letter a year ago.
We regret to tell you that all of you are not invited toattend the meeting.
They regretted ordering these books from abroad.
②mean to do 打算做某事
doing 意味着……
I meant to catch up with the early bus.
This means wasting a lot of money.
③try to do 设法尽力做某事
doing 试着做某事
You should try to overcome your shortcomings.
Try working out the physics problem in another way.
④stop to do 停下一件事去做另一件事（不定式作目的状语）
doing 停止做某事
On the way to the airport,I stopped to buy a paper.
You'd better stop arguing and do as you are told.
⑤can't help doing 禁不住……
to do不能帮助干……
They couldn't help jumping up at the news.
⑥go on to do 做不同的事或不同内容的事
doing 继续不停地做某事，指同一动作的继续
He went on to talk about world situation.他接着又谈了世界形势。
We'll go on fighting so long as there is oppression inthe world.
⑦leave off to do 离开某地去干什么（目的状语）
doing停下某事
It's time to leave off talking and to start acting.
They left off to go fishing.
三、做表语
不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作；动名词作表语表示抽象的一般行为。
①To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.
②My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties ofthe matter.
③What I would suggest is to put off the meeting.
当主语和表语都是不定式时，其含义一是条件，一是结果（例①）。当主语是aim,duty,hope,idea,mista ke,plan,purpose,suggestion等为中心词的名词词组（例②）时，或以what引导的名词性分句（例③），不定 式说明主语的内容。
④Our work is serving the people.
⑤What he likes is taking a walk after supper.
④⑤句动名词作表语，与主语部分可以转换，如Serving thepeople is out work,而⑥句中是现在分词作 表语，说明主语的性质、状态，现在分词具有形容词的各种特征，另外，动名词作表语还应与进行时态区别开 来。
四、作定语
⒈不定式作定语
不定式在句中作定语，置于被修饰的名词或代词之后。如：
①The next train to arrive is from Washington.
②Have you anything to be taken to your sister?
③Do you have anything to say on the question?
④Would you please give me some paper to write on?
⑤My wish to visit France has come true at last.
不定式短语作定语和被修饰词之间表示以下关系：
(1)表示将来的动作（例①）。
(2)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，如是不及物动词，则需加介词（例④）。
(3)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，同时与句中其它词之间又有逻辑上的主谓关系时，尽管有被动含义，却仍 用主动语态（例③）；如只有动宾关系，而无逻辑上的主谓关系，则需用被动语态（例②）。
(4)不定式作定语时，一般可转换为定语从句，例①to arrive=that will arrive。
⒉动名词作定语
①This passage can be used as listening materials.
②The reading room of our school library can hold 800people.
③All moving bodies have energy.
①②句动名词作定语说明一种性能，即：用来……的；第③句为现在分词作定语，单个分词作定语常置于 被修饰词之前，与被修饰词之间，可构成逻辑上的主谓关系，分词短语作定语常置于被修饰词之后。如：The man standing at the school gate is Professor Hua.
五、不定式作补足语
⒈作宾语补足语
一些及物动词除要求按宾语外，有时还需要有宾语补足语，说明宾语的行为、状态、特征，这时意思才相 对完整。
(1)常要求不定式作宾补的动词有：allow,ask,advise,beg,cause,drive（强迫），encourage,expect,fo rbid,force,get,would like(love,hate),order,permit,persuade,teach,tell,want,warn,wish等。如：
①Would you like me to give your regards to Mary?
②I want you to understand the whole passage clearly.
(2)部分动词后常接to be＋形容词、名词短语等形式，有时to be可省略，如：believe,consider,discov er,find(=consider),feel(=think),imagine,judge,know,prove,think,suppose,see(=understand),understa nd等。
①We all believe John(to be)honest.
②I consider him(to be)one of the best biology teachers of No. 1 Middle School.
但当不定式是完成式时，to不能省略，如：We consider him tohave been foolish.
(3)感觉动词和使役动词后用作宾补的不定式须省略to。
①I didn't hear anyone say anything about it.
②They make the students do too much homework every day.
这种句式在变为被动语态时，to不能省略，如第②句：Thestudents are made to do too much homework
every day.
(4)help,know后面的"to"可有可无。如：
Would you please help me(to) fill in the taxform?
I've never known her(to)be late before.但：He was known to have been to France before.
(5)部分短语动词后，常接不定式作宾补，如：
You may depend on them to be there early.
The Party calls on us to increase production and practise economy.
常这样用的短语动词有：ask for,care for,call on,count on,depend on,wait for,long for（渴望）， prepare for,wish for等。
⒉作主语补足语
不定式作主语补足语，和主语构成一种逻辑上的主谓关系。如：
①He was not allowed to enter the classroom for being late.
②The young university student is considered to have great promise.
六、不定式作状语
⒈作目的状语
(1) ①I stayed there to see what would happen.
②Henry has decided to go to the hospital to be examined by the doctor.
(2)有时为了强调，不定式前可加in order或so as。如：
Bob took down my telephone number so as(in order)not toforget it.
有时为强调目的状语可把in order to或不定式置于句首，但so as to不能这样用。在这种句式中不定式部 分可转换为so that,in order that,成为目的状语从句，如：
I stayed there so that (in order that)I could see whatwould happen.
(3)在部分表示感情色彩的形容词、过去分词或动词之后可接不定式，如：astonished,glad,happy,laugh ,pleased, sad,smile,sorry,surprised等。
①We are glad to hear the news.
②I was surprised to see that a three-year-old baby could write so well.
在部分形容词后接不定式，用主动形式表示被动意义，这种句型中的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语。如：The question raised by thestudent is difficult to answer.
The room is really comfortable to live in.
常这样用的形容词有：comfortable,easy,dangerous,difficult,expensive,fit,impossible等。
⒉作结果状语
We came home after our holiday to find our garden neat and tidy.
不定式作结果状语还常用在下列句式中。如：
①so…as to;such…as to
I'm not so stupid(a fool) as to put it in writing.我不至于愚蠢到会把它写下来。
I'm not such a stupid fool as to put it in writing.
②enough…to
The speed is high enough for us to catch up with thefirst liner.
③only to
Jane hurried back only to find her mother dying inthehospital.
④too…to
I'm too tired to stay up longer.
但在下列结构中，too…to并非是“太……而不能……”之意。如：
①I'm only too glad to have passed the exam.考试及格我太高兴了。（too修饰glad to have…，相当 于very）
②We have too much to learn.我们要学的太多了（不定式作定语）。
⒊不定式短语还可作独立成分，用于句首、句中或句末。如：
To tell the truth,the play was a great disappointment tome.
常见的短语有to be exact（确切地说），to begin with（首先），to do him justice（说句对他公道的 话），to be sure（真的）等等。
七、动词不定式、动名词的其它用法
⒈疑问词＋不定式结构
疑问词who,what,which,when,where,whether,how后可接不定式构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表 语等。如：
①When to leave for London has not been decided yet.
②Mr. Smith didn't know whether to leave or stay there.
③I asked Professor Xu how to learn English well.
④The question was where to get the medicine needed.
以上例句中疑问词＋不定式部分，均可转换为相应的从句形式。如：①When we shall leave…③…how I
could learn…
经常在这种结构中使用的动词有：consider,decide,discover,explain,find out,forget,hear,know,lea rn,observe,understand,wonder等。
⒉动词不定式的时态、语态
(1)时态
①一般式：动词不定式一般式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之后，有时表示同时发生。如：
I hope to become a university student this year.（tobecome发生在hope之后）
We often hear Dick play the piano in the next room.（play和hear同时发生）
②完成式：表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。如：
I'm sorry to have kept you waiting.
We are too young to have seen the old society.
③进行式：表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生。如：
The teacher happened to be correcting our papers when Icame in.
They seemed to be discussing something important.
(2)语态
如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者，不定式一般要用被动语态形式。如：
It's a great honour to be invited to Mary's birthday party.（不定式作主语）
It was impossible for lost time to be made up.（不定式作主语）
I wish to be sent to work in the country.（不定式作宾语）
Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired?（不定式作定语）
He went to the hospital to be examined.（不定式作状语）
在There be结构中，修饰主语的不定式可用被动，也可用主动。如：There are still many things to t ake care of (to be taken care of).但有时两种形式表达的意思不同，如：These is nothing to do now.( We have nothing to do now.) There is nothing to be done now.(We can do nothing now.)
⒊动名词的时态、语态
(1)时态
①一般式：动名词的一般式所表示的动作可以是泛指，也可与谓语动词同时发生，或发生在谓语动作之前 、之后。如：
We are interested in collecting stamps.
I shall never forget seeing the Great Wall for the firsttime.
We are not afraid of dying.
②完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。如：
Lmagine having travelled on the moon.
We were praised for having finished the work ahead of time.
(2)被动语态
①如果动名词的逻辑主语为动名词所表示的动作的承受者，动名词要用被动语态，动名词的被动语态有一 般式与完成式之分。如：
The young man came in without being noticed.
He prided himself on having never been beaten in class.
②有些动词后的动名词用主动形式，但表示被动意义。如：
The bike needs repairing.
If a thing is worth doing, it is worth doing well.
⒋在口语中，为避免重复，常用"to"代替不定式结构，有时甚至可以把to省略。如：
①—Did you go to visit the Great Wall?
—No,I wanted to,but there wasn't enough time.
②—Would you like to come to a party?
—I'd love to.
③—Don't make any mistakes in your homework,will you?
—I'll try not to.
④—Try to be back by 12,won't you?
—OK,I'll try.
另外，be going to,ought to,used to等也常用于这一结构中。
⒌在why引起的问句中，省略"to"。如：
Why spend such a lot of money?
Why not wait for a couple of days?
⒍当两个或更多作用相同的不定式并列使用时，只在第一个不定式前加"to"。如：
It's quite necessary for us to read more and have morepractice.
⒎"to"在下列短语中是“介词”，后接动名词或名词形式。如：
devote…to,face up to（勇敢地面对），look forward to（盼望），object to（反对），take to（养 成习惯，对……感兴趣；开始从事某种活动），be used to（习惯于）等。
形容词的用法
I.限定用法（定语）
a.形容词(一个字)+名词
1. The old man lived in a small village.
2. His elder brother is a famous musician.
b.名词+形容词(~thing, ~body, ~one等,两个字或以上的形容词片语和子句)
1. I want to drink something cold.
2. Is there anything interesting in today’s paper?
3. I don’t like riding on trains full of people. ride on train搭乘火车
4. He tried to climb a fence two meters high.
5. He is a boy (who is) five years old. He is a five-year-old boy.
2. 叙述用法（表语）
a. 主词补语
1. Sea water tastes salty. 2. The rainbow is very beautiful.
b. 受词补语
1. You’ll find the book difficult.
2. I left the windows open. 使开着(adj.) I let the windows be opened. 使被打开(v.)
重点
a. 只能用限定用法的形容词(定语形容词)
only mere 只~ main wooden upper上面的 inner 里面的 Live/living daily
lone 孤单的,古语
1. This is a wooden house.
2. He is a mere child. 他不过是孩子
b. 只能用叙述用法(表语形容词)
alive alone afraid asleep awake well content glad aware
1. I’m afraid of dog. 2. The baby is still asleep. 3. Are you aware of your mistakes?
限定用法和叙述用法意思不同的形容词
1. I met a certain lady. 某一个 It is quite certain. 确定
2. He is my present assistant. 目前 He is present today. 出席 absent缺席
3. The late Mr. Smith was an able man. 已故 He was late for the meeting. 迟到
4. She gave me a fond look. 温柔的 I am very fond of ice cream. 喜欢
3. 形容词的位置：
1) 形容词作定语通常前置，但在下列情况后置：
修饰some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等构成的复合不定代词时
nobody absent, everything possible
以-able, -ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或only修饰的名词之后
the best book available, the only solution possible
alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等可以后置
the only person awake
和空间、时间、单位连用时
a bridge 50 meters long
成对的形容词可以后置
a huge room simple and beautiful
形容词短语一般后置
a man difficult to get on with
2) 多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序：
代词
数词
性状形容词
冠词前的形容词
冠词
指示代词
不定代词
代词所有格
序数词
基数词
性质
状态
大小
长短
形状
新旧
温度
颜色
国籍
产地
材料
质地
名词
all
both
such
the
this
another
your
second
next
one
four
beautiful
good
poor
large
short
square
new
cool
black
yellow
Chinese
London
silk
stone
3) 复合形容词的构成：
形容词+名词+ed
kind-hearted
名词+形容词
world-famous
形容词+形容词
dark-blue
名词+现在分词
peace-loving
形容词+现在分词
ordinary-looking
名词+过去分词
snow-covered
副词+现在分词
hard-working
数词+名词+ed
three-egged
副词+过去分词
newly-built
10
数词+名词
twenty-year
复合形容词有下列五类
1. 形容词-连缀动词的现在分词a good-looking man
形容词-及物动词的过去分词 a white-painted wall
2. 名词-现在分词 (主动) a peace-loving people
名词-过去分词 (被动)a hand-made cake
3. 副词-现在分词 (主动)a rapidly-moving tornado
副词-过去分词 (被动)a well-behaved boy
behave vt. [后接修饰词语]使(自己)表现得，使(自己)举止…
例句: he behaves himself well.
4. 名词-名词ed a baby-faced girl
形容词-名词ed a open-minded leader
5. 数词-名词ed a two-headed monster a three-legged table a second-hand car.
three-minute first-class 一流的 three-year- old ten-meter-long
4.特别注意的形容词用法
a. 不能以人为主词的形容词
dangerous, difficult, hard, easy, useful, useless, tough, convenient, important, necessary, regrettable遗憾的, natural, possible
貌似这些形容词都是人做某事才能体现
只能用It be 形容词 for人 to V
1. It is necessary for you to see a doctor. 2. Is it possible for you to attend the meeting?
b. 以人为主词的形容词都是与情绪有关的形容词
angry, ashamed, delighted, disappointed, excited, glad, happy, proud, sorry, thankful
c. The+形容词
d. 形容词的副词用法
1. It is burning hot. 天气热的厉害 2. It is freezing cold. 3. They were dead asleep. 睡得很熟
5.数量形容词
a. many/much
否定句中的not many/much 可译成[不太多]
口语中,可用a lot of, lots of, plenty of+可数/不可数 代替many/much
1. There were a lot of/lots of/plenty of people in the shop.
2. She ate a lot of/lots of/plenty of ice cream.
A large number of=large numbers of number中文有[数数]的意思,故后接可数名词
A large amount of=large amount of amount指[量],故后接不可数名词
b. a few/few
a few=some few=not many(几乎没有) 表否定,不可和not同时出现
1. There are a few vegetables in the refrigerator.
2. Few people were injured in the accident. 几乎没有
c. a little/little
a little=some little=not much几乎没有
1. I have a little money with me.
2. We need little butter to make this cake.
3. The little of his work that remains should be done within a today.
口语中,可用not many/hardly any代替few
可用not much/hardly any代替little
1. There were not many/hardly any people in the park.
2. There is not much/hardly any danger of an earthquake.
d. some/any
some的用法
1. 肯定句 Some students take lessons in Spanish. 语言前用in
2. 表示邀请的疑问句 Won’t you have some more tea?
any的用法
1. 用于疑问句和否定句
--Do you have any question?
--Yes, I have some questions.
--No, I don’t have any questions.
2. 用于表示[任何~(皆可)]之意的肯定句 You may come any time.
3. 用于条件句(if子句) Ask him if you have any doubt
. Choose the best answer(选择最恰当的答案) （共20分）
26. Which of the following words matches the sound [seif]
A. save B. safe C. seven D. suffer
27. Human beings still can’t reach Mars for________ time being.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
28. People who have luck never depend ________ luck.
A. in B. on C. with D. for
29. Tu Yoyo was awarded the Nobel Prize in her ________.
A. eighties B. eighty C. eightieth D. eightieths
30. The children enjoyed ________ in the foreign culture festival last night.
A. himself B. yourself C. ourselves D. themselves
31. The Chinese team won the Women’s Volleyball World Cup ________ September, 2015.
A. in B. at C. on D. by
32. ________ hiking in the Gobi Desert is not easy, the girl still decided to have a try.
A. If B. Although C. When D. As
33. --Look! The students________ their outdoor life lesson on the farm.
A. take B. takes C. are taking D. took
34. Snoopy is one of________ hunting dogs in the world.
A. more famous B. most famous C. the more famous D. the most famous
35. With her teacher’s encouragement, the girl works even ________.
A. hard B. harder C. hardly D. hardest
36. The light from iPads at night may make you ________ before going to bed.
A. excited B. exciting C. excitedly D. excitement
37. The restaurant needs ________ thirty chairs for the coming guests.
A. other B. the other C. others D. another
38. The tourists have no idea ________ to meet the tour guide at 7 o’clock tomorrow morning. A. what B. when C. which D. where
39. -- Must I finish the work today?
--________. The manager is looking forward to it.
A. Yes, you must. B. Yes, you can. C. No, you mustn’t D. No, you needn’t.
40. Americans________ New York City ”The Big Apple” since 1971.
A. call B. called C. has called D. have called
41. The exchange students will________ for Sydney during their winter holiday.
A. keep off B. set off C. get off D. turn off
42. ________ wonderful it is to produce Chinese first large passenger aircraft!
A. What a B. What C. How D. How a
43. One of the basic ways of improving your memory is_______.
A. use the link method B. to use the link method
C. used the link method D. uses the link method
44. --You look so sad, William. What’s the matter with you?
-- ________.
A. I’ve lost my wallet. B. I’m very happy.
C. I’ve won the first prize. D. I don’t agree with you.
45. --In my opinion, buying second-hand books can save students a lot of money.
--________.
A. That’s all right. B. I’m sorry to hear that.
C. I think so, too. D. It’s my pleasure.
二、选词填空。
A. filled B. large C. anything D. through E. nothing
A rich man loved crocodiles so much. Once he bought a new house. There was a___46_____ swimming pool in the back. However, it was _____47___ with fierce crocodiles. One day the man had a party to show off the big house as well as his favorite pets.
As the man expected, no one dared o stand next to the pool. “I think a real hero should have courage,” shouted the man. “If anyone is brave enough to swim ___48_____the crocodiles and make it to the other side, I will give that person_____49___ he wants. I will give him my job, my money, my house, and my crocodiles!”
A. serious B. luckily C. pushed D. crazy E. words
Everyone laughed at the ___50_____ idea. They thought it was a joke, and then left the pool area. Suddenly, they heard a loud splash (扑通声). Everyone turned around and saw a man swimming for his life. The crocodiles tried to reach him quickly, but he swam to the other end and escaped from them____51____.
“Wow, unbelievable. He made it!” cried the rich man. “I keep my____52____ . Tell me what you want and what I can do for you.”
The friend finally got his breath back. Then he looked up and said, “You can tell me who___53_____ me into the pool!”
三、用所给词的适当形式填空。
54. The detective dealt with many________ with the help of his assistant. (case)
55. A good________ should always keep his eyes on road. (drive)
56. It is ________ of you to waste so much time in watching TV. (fool)
57. Please measure the ________ of the rope with the ruler. (long)
58. Peter’s father seemed ________ with his spelling mistakes. (happy)
59. The book________ tells us that travelling will make our life colorful. (main)
60. Young people can learn to take care of others by ________ pet. (raise)
61. Shall we________ some information from Internet to finish our report? (collection)
四、改写句子。
62. Bruce wrote some letters to his pen friend last month. (改为否定句)
Bruce ________ ________any letters to his pen friend last month.
63. I borrow some books from Shanghai Library twice a month. (对划线部分提问)
________ ________ do you borrow some books from Shanghai Library?
64. The teacher didn’t tell us whether we should go on with the discussion or not. (改为简单句)
The teacher didn’t tell us________ ________ go on with the discussion or not.
65. The captain will choose ten boys to work as volunteers. (改被动)
Ten boys will________ ________to work as volunteers .
66. Sally could not understand the English film she saw last night. (改为反义疑问句)
Sally could not understand the English film she saw last night, ________ ________?
67. The cook was too busy to notice the overcooked soup. (保持句意不变)
The cook was ________ busy________ he didn’t notice the overcooked soup.
Part3 Reading and Writing (第三部分 读写)
VI. Reading comprehension (阅读理解) （共50分）
“Mona Lisa” attracts art lovers around the world. Do you know Lenardo da Vinci also painted an “Earlier Mona Lisa” before? It will be exhibited in Shanghai next year. Joel Feldman, the general secretary of the Mona Lisa Foundation, accepted an interview about the painting and the organization recently.
Q: How was the “Earlier Mona Lisa” discovered?
A: In 1913, Hugh Blaker, a manager of the Holburne Museum in England, found the “Earlier Mona Lisa” and brought it to his museum. A year later, the painting was sent to the US for publisher, bought the painting and kept it in the Bank of Swizerland.
Since the Mona Lisa Foundation was established in 2008, we have done lots of necessary research on the “Earlier Mona Lisa” and many high technologies were used. In the end, 28 out of the 29 experts believe this is certainly the painting created by Lenardo da vinci.
Q: Do you remember the feeling when you first saw the “Mona Lisa” painting and this “Earlier Mona Lisa” painting?
A: I first saw the “Mona Lisa” in the Louvre as a young boy. Quite honestly I was disappointed as the painting looked quite small and dark. When I first saw the “Earlier Mona Lisa”, I was absolutely stunned. Believe me, there is really something amazing that occurs when you are in the presence of this painting.
Q: Why did you choose Shanghai for this exhibition?
A: First, Shanghai is one of world art centers. In addition, the mission of the foundation is to show the painting to the world. Therefore, we decided to begin its Asian tour and Shanghai obviously would be the first stop.
Q: Could you tell me more details about the security for the painting?
A: I can’t tell you a lot. What I can say is that we paid huge amounts of money for the insurance and the painting will be allowed to visit the painting a day. But visitors will be able to come quite close to the painting.
69. _______ was the first owner of the “Earlier Mona Lisa” in the passage.
A. The Mona Lisa Foundation B. The Holburne Museum
C. The Boston Museum of Fine Art D. The Bank of Switzerland
70. What was the main purpose of the research?
A. To learn the history of Leonardo da Vinci.
B. To know the value of the “Earlier Mona Lisa”.
C. To find out who painted the “Earlier Mona Lisa”
D. To test different high technologies.
71. The underlined word “stunned” is the closest in meaning to “____”
A. surprised B frightened C bored D worried
72. Which city will the “Earlier Mona Lisa” most probably travel to after Shanghai?
A. Los Angeles B. London C. Paris D Beijing
73. The organization did many things to keep the painting safe, except_____.
A buying an expensive insurance for the painting.
74. In which section of the newspaper can you most likely find this passage?
A. Science section B. Sports section C. Arts section D. Business section
B． Choose the best answer and complete the passage（选择最恰当的选项完成短文） (12分)
Xiao Yuwei is a 15-year-old beijinger. As the only child in the family, she often feels lonely. She hopes to have a sister or brother as company. Now it is the time for Xiao to realize her dream. Last month, China ____75______ its long-lasted one-child policy. Every couple can have two children. But what would it be like growing up with a sibling（兄弟姐妹）？
A sibling can stop children from having bad feelings such as loneliness and fear, according to Laura Padilla-Walker, a professor of family research from Brigham Young University, US. “Sibling can give kids something that parents can’t,” she says. You may not feel lonely because there is someone else to ________76__________. You can also talk about various things and share secrets with each other.
But there are downsides, too. You have to share things with your siblings, including the TV, toys, the bathroom and even _____77_____ from parents. There could be lots of competition, quarreling and hair-pulling. “Children with siblings need to learn to compromise（妥协） and control their feelings well, _____78______ it will have bad effects on the family relationship,” says Laura Padilla-Walker.
Even the birth order can make a difference. US psychologist Keven Leman says that the birth order decides how parents treat their children. It will then lead to different ___79_____ in children. Leman explains that parents are usually very nervous and strict with their first child. Firstborns are often responsible and eager to succeed. When the couple has a second child, they are more _______80___. Thus late-born kids are usually funny and creative.
75. A made B ended C started D took
76. A play with B look for C get tired of D pick up
77. A problem B attention C proof D excuse
78. A or B and C so D but
79. A methods B commands C personalities D meanings
80. A confuse B upset C hopeless D relaxed
C Fill in the blanks with proper words.（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空限填一词，首字母已给出） （14分）
Gold is a rare metal with a lovely colour. It is not affected by a___81____ or water. Because gold is so soft, it can be make into very thin flat pieces and very fine thread.
Over 5,000 years ago, gold had some special meanings for the ancient Egyptians. They believed that all gold b_____82___ to their kings, the Pharaohs. In fact, luckily for us, they put many precious gold objects in the palaces with their Pharaohs when they died, and we can see a lot of them in museums today. The Egyptians had a lot of skill in working with gold; they could make it into sheets so thin that a pile of 35,700 pieces would be only 2.5 cm high. Sheets like this are called gold leaf. Gold leaf is still used today to d____83_____ furniture and other things.
The gold used to make jewellery is usually mixed with other metals. This not only makes the things c______84___, but also harder. People use the word "karats" to talk about how good the gold is. One carat means one twenty-fourth part of it is made of gold.
Because it was not c____85____ and therefore had a high value, gold was used as money all over the world in the past. Today, we use pieces of paper i__86__, but many countries still keep bars of gold in the banks. They can change this gold into money by selling it to other countries. About two thirds of all the gold in the world is kept in this way.
Gold is found in many parts of the world, usually deep u___87___ the ground. It can also be found in rivers. The sea contains gold too, but it would cost more money to get the gold out of the sea than the gold is worth.
D. Answer the questions (根据以下内容回答问题) (12分)
A boy has been injured in a traffic accident. His leg is badly damaged. In the emergency Room of Shanghai No.6 People’s Hospital, the doctors work so hard to save the leg. The boy cries out in pain. There is blood on the bed and on the gloved hands of the doctors. The room is full of tension. In the end, the doctors manage to save the young boy’s leg. This is real life, real drama and ……real TV!
Since its first show last December, The story in ER(急诊室故事) has become popular with audience and pointed to a new direction in reality TV. We have already got used reality shows such as The Voice of China(中国好声音) and Dad, Where Are We Going.(爸爸去哪)These shows only want to amuse people. Audience may think them interesting and funny while watching. But The story in ER takes us deeper into the lives of others.
Reality TV had its begging in Europe in the early 1990s. Since then, hundreds of reality shows have appeared around the globe---- there are 176 on British television, alone! These shows are not real documentaries(纪录片), but focus on personal dramas and difficulties controlled by the producers to catch more people’s eyes.
The story in ER, however, is really real---real pain, real suffering, and real situations. No need for controlling here! Some audience may feel uncomfortable, but we can’t help watching, because it’s human nature to be attracted by the ups and downs of the lives of other human beings. Also, we learn things by watching others. The Story in ER gives us a chance to go behind the scenes and see how hospitals work and how hard the medical staff work. It allows us to imagine how we might react in similar stressful situations. It also lets us appreciate how lucky we are.
88. Do the doctors save the boy’s leg successfully in The Story in ER?
91Who makes reality shows more attractive according to the writer?
92Why does The Story in ER need no controlling?
Is The Story in ER a good choice for a TV station? Give your reason.
答案：
26-30：BCBAD 31-35：AACDB 36-40：ADDAD 41-45：BCBAC
46-49：BADC 50-53：DBEC
69-74:BCADDC 75-80:BABACD
Yes, they do.
Audience may think them interesting and funny while watching.
Reality TV had its beginning in Europe in the early 1990s.
The producers.
Because it is real and cannot be controlled.